Python manual 2.5

Python 3. This is the official documentation for Python 3. Parts of the documentation: What's new in Python 3. Indices and tables: Global Module Index quick access to all modules General Index all functions, classes, terms Glossary the most important terms explained Search page search this documentation Complete Table of Contents lists all sections and subsections Meta information: Reporting bugs Contributing to Docs About the documentation History and License of Python Copyright.

Download Download these documents Docs by version Python 3. See History and License for more information. The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. Please donate. Last updated on Jan 13, Found a bug? Created using Sphinx 3. Global Module Index quick access to all modules General Index all functions, classes, terms Glossary the most important terms explained.

Search page search this documentation Complete Table of Contents lists all sections and subsections. Reporting bugs Contributing to Docs About the documentation.

For a description of standard objects and modules, see The Python Standard Library. The Python Language Reference gives a more formal definition of the language. There are also several books covering Python in depth. This tutorial does not attempt to be comprehensive and cover every single feature, or even every commonly used feature. After reading it, you will be able to read and write Python modules and programs, and you will be ready to learn more about the various Python library modules described in The Python Standard Library.

The Glossary is also worth going through. Navigation index modules next previous Python ». Whetting Your Appetite 2. Using the Python Interpreter 2. Invoking the Interpreter 2. Argument Passing 2. Interactive Mode 2. The Interpreter and Its Environment 2. Source Code Encoding 3. An Informal Introduction to Python 3.

Using Python as a Calculator 3. Numbers 3. Strings 3. Lists 3. First Steps Towards Programming 4. More Control Flow Tools 4. The range Function 4. Defining Functions 4. More on Defining Functions 4. Default Argument Values 4. Keyword Arguments 4. Special parameters 4. Positional-or-Keyword Arguments 4. Positional-Only Parameters 4.

Keyword-Only Arguments 4. Function Examples 4. Recap 4. Arbitrary Argument Lists 4. Unpacking Argument Lists 4. Lambda Expressions 4. Documentation Strings 4. Function Annotations 4.

Intermezzo: Coding Style 5. Data Structures 5. More on Lists 5. Using Lists as Stacks 5. Using Lists as Queues 5. List Comprehensions 5. Nested List Comprehensions 5.

The del statement 5. Tuples and Sequences 5. Sets 5. Dictionaries 5. Looping Techniques 5. More on Conditions 5. Comparing Sequences and Other Types 6. Modules 6. More on Modules 6. Executing modules as scripts 6. The Module Search Path 6. Standard Modules 6. The dir Function 6.

Packages 6. Intra-package References 6. Packages in Multiple Directories 7. Input and Output 7. Fancier Output Formatting 7. Formatted String Literals 7. The String format Method 7. Manual String Formatting 7.

Old string formatting 7. Reading and Writing Files 7. Methods of File Objects 7. Saving structured data with json 8. Errors and Exceptions 8. Syntax Errors 8. Exceptions 8. Handling Exceptions 8.